Opinions

Although the benefits of exercise in patients with cancer are now well established, barriers to an effective integration of physical activity into cancer care remain

Although genomics-guided personalised cancer vaccines have demonstrated efficacy in early-phase clinical studies, we are still awaiting the results of larger-scale trials

Interest is growing rapidly in the field of oncology in the anti-obesity drug target that has recently been investigated in large retrospective studies and preclinical models

Despite growing disappointing results from clinical trials, focus should now turn to the design of studies to better reflect tumour heterogeneity

Early studies investigated the potential of genomic profiling, but prospective and comprehensive data are required to support wider implementation

Study results support alternative treatment regimens in prostate and urothelial tumours, showing similar efficacy to standard care while reducing treatment burden

Diverse approaches are investigated in oncology that also include the use of artificial intelligence

Novel approaches are being tested to overcome current challenges in the use of cellular therapies such as high toxicity and a complex manufacturing process

Antibody–drug conjugates may represent a step up from existing therapeutic options, but further optimisation and biomarker analyses are required.

Global cooperation is needed to improve trial design and expedite new treatments specifically in low- and middle-income countries