Neoadjuvant, perioperative, targeted and combined treatment approaches have shown potential benefit for patients with this aggressive disease, but further research is needed 

Results from four early-phase studies show that combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with other immunotherapies or with TKIs is a potentially efficacious strategy for the treatment of different diseases including GIST and vascular sarcomas 

Negative trials presented at the ESMO Congress 2023 suggest that a new treatment strategy may be required for patients with metastatic disease

The bispecific EGFR/MET-directed monoclonal antibody looks set to become the standard of care in this setting, but toxicity has to be managed carefully

CheckMate 77T demonstrates significantly improved event-free survival with neoadjuvant nivolumab plus chemotherapy followed by adjuvant nivolumab compared with chemotherapy and adjuvant placebo

Safety and efficacy data of some novel immunotherapy agents are encouraging, but more research is needed to identify biomarkers and the optimal treatment schedule 

Data from selected patients in the RUBY trial show improvements in QoL domains over the course of treatment and benefits compared with placebo 

Results from studies presented at the ESMO Congress 2023 (Madrid, 20–24 October) outline different strategies involving indirect immune modulation and direct enhanced tumour cytotoxicity to improve on chemotherapy as the current standard of second-line care after ICI progression

Final results from the RADICALS-RT trial show that observation with salvage RT for prostate-specific antigen failure should be the current standard strategy after surgery

The SAPPHIRE trial failed to meet its primary endpoint compared with chemotherapy